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Federal Pretrial Release: Table of Contents
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- INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
- THE HISTORY OF PRETRIAL RELEASE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
- NARROW SCOPE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
- REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
- REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION SHIFTS ONLY THE BURDEN OF PRODUCTION, NOT THE BURDEN OF PROOF OR PERSUASION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
- ACCUSED NEED ONLY PRODUCE “SOME EVIDENCE” TO SHIFT BURDEN OF PRODUCTION AND PROOF BACK TO PROSECUTION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
- DANGEROUSNESS IS RELATIVE, NOT ABSOLUTE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8
- GOVERNMENT MUST MEET BURDEN OF “CLEAR AND CONVINCING” EVIDENCE AS TO DANGEROUSNESS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9
- STANDARD APPLIED……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
- INDICTMENT MAY RAISE PRESUMPTION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
- HEARSAY MAY BE CONSIDERED…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10
- HOWEVER, HEARSAY MAY NOT BE SUFFICIENT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
- STATEMENTS MADE TO CURRY FAVOR WITH POLICE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
- BAIL CANNOT BE USED TO PUNISH…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12
- SHOULD THE DEFENDANT TESTIFY AT HIS DETENTION HEARING?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14
- CONGRESS PASSES BAIL REFORM ACT: THE EIGHTH AMENDMENT DOES NOT MEAN WHAT IT SAYS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
- DENIAL OF BAIL…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
- PRETRIAL DETENTION INTENDED FOR LIMITED “SMALL BUT IDENTIFIABLE GROUP”…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
- IF GOVERNMENT’S BURDENS ARE NOT MET, THE DEFENDANT NEED NOT REBUT THE PRESUMPTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16
- PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE STANDARD AS TO FLIGHT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
- PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
- INDICTMENT MAY NOT BE USED AS EVIDENCE…………………………………………………….. 18
- CONSTITUTIONALITY UNSETTLED AS IT MAY BE APPLIED TO A PARTICULAR SET OF FACTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21
- AN EXERCISE IN OBFUSCATION……………………………………………………………………………….. 22
- THE EIGHTH AMENDMENT……………………………………………………………………………………….. 23
- DUE PROCESS: DURATION OF DETENTION……………………………………………………………… 24
- DETENTION MUST BE REQUIRED AT THE EARLIEST POSSIBLE OPPORTUNITY….. 25
- THE “FIRST APPEARANCE” REQUIREMENT OF THE BAIL REFORM IS TO BE STRICTLY APPLIED……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 26
- REASONABLE ASSURANCE THAT DEFENDANT WILL APPEAR…………………………….. 28
- APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL FOR INDIGENT MATERIAL WITNESS………………………. 29
- FINDINGS OF FACTS AND REASONS FOR DETENTION MUST BE IN WRITING……… 29
- REQUISITES TO REOPENING HEARING……………………………………………………………………. 30
- REVIEW OF THE MAGISTRATE’S ACTION IS TO BE CONDUCTED “DE NOVO” BY DISTRICT COURT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30
- MAXIMUM SENTENCE FOR EACH OFFENSE CHARGED MUST EXCEED TEN YEARS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30
- APPELLATE REVIEW OF DISTRICT COURT BY COURT OF APPEALS……………………… 31
- REVOCATION OF BAIL…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
- RULES FOR HEARING ON MOTION TO REVOKE BAIL…………………………………………….. 31
- STANDARD OF REVIEW AT REVOCATION HEARING……………………………………………… 32
- BAIL POST TRIAL PENDING APPEAL: A “CLOSE” CALL………………………………………….. 32
- QUESTION IS WHETHER DEFENDANT RAISES SUBSTANTIAL QUESTION……………. 32
- “SUBSTANTIAL QUESTIONS”……………………………………………………………………………………. 33
